1. Submission and Initial Check
All submitted manuscripts are first screened by the editorial team to ensure they meet the journal’s scope and basic submission requirements. At this stage, manuscripts are also checked for plagiarism using Turnitin to ensure originality.

2. Anonymous Peer Review
This journal implements an anonymous peer review process. The identity of the reviewers is not revealed to the authors. This approach is intended to maintain objectivity and reduce bias during the evaluation process.

3. Review Criteria
Reviewers evaluate manuscripts based on:

• Relevance to the journal’s scope
• Originality and significance of the research
• Clarity and organization of the manuscript
• Appropriateness of the methodology
• Validity and interpretation of the results
• Quality of references and citations

4. Review Outcome
Based on reviewers’ comments and recommendations, the editorial team will make one of the following decisions:

• Accept: The manuscript is accepted without revisions or with minor revisions.
• Revisions Required: The authors are asked to address specific issues before acceptance.
• Reject: The manuscript is not suitable for publication in this journal.

5. Revision and Final Decision
Authors will have a designated period to submit their revised manuscripts. The revised version may be returned to the same reviewers for a second evaluation. The final decision to accept or reject is made by the editorial team based on reviewers’ feedback and authors’ responses.

6. Confidentiality
All review materials and correspondence related to the manuscripts are kept confidential. Reviewers must not share or distribute any part of the submitted work.