MOMORDICA CHARANTIA L. (PARE) SEBAGAI AGEN HIPOGLIKEMIK DALAM MANAJEMEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2
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Latar Belakang: Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan kondisi kadar gula darah tinggi persisten akibat gangguan metabolik kronis. DM tipe 2 mencakup 90% dari seluruh kasus diabetes melitus. Menurut laporan dari International Diabetes Federation (IDF) edisi ke-10, Indonesia berada pada peringkat ke-5 di dunia dengan jumlah penderita DM tipe 2 terbanyak (19,5 juta). Sebagai upaya mengatasi peningkatan kasus DM tipe 2, maka diperlukan manajemen efektif untuk mencapai sasaran kadar gula darah normal. Obat hipoglikemik oral (OHO) menjadi preferensi utama dalam pengobatan DM tipe 2. Namun, efek samping OHO menyebabkan kekhawatiran pada pasien DM tipe 2. Oleh sebab itu, diperlukan pendekatan lain, seperti terapi herbal tradisional berbasis tanaman untuk membantu menekan prevalensi kasus DM tipe 2.
Metode: Pencarian literatur pada database PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan ClinicalKey. Artikel yang digunakan adalah yang dipublikasikan dalam 10 tahun terakhir, adapun kata kunci yang digunakan, antara lain “type 2 diabetes”, “Momordica charantia L.”, “bitter melon”, dan “blood glucose”.
Hasil: Momordica charantia L. memiliki banyak senyawa yang memiliki khasiat antidiabetik. Kandungan tersebut antara lain polisakarida, peptida, terpenoid, saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, dan lain-lain. Momordica charantia L. mengandung senyawa insulin mimetik mclRBP-19 yang ditemukan berhubungan dengan penurunan GDP dan HbA1c. Triterpenoid ditemukan dapat menstimulasi translokasi GLUT-4 pada sel otot dan lemak, serta inhibisi aktivitas PTP1B. Selain itu, charantin diketahui menghambat aktivitas DPP4.
Simpulan: Momordica charantia L. memiliki potensi untuk menurunkan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien DM tipe 2 melalui komponen bioaktifnya.
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Referensi
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