Laporan Kasus Serial : Anensefali
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Pendahuluan : Anensefali merupakan salah satu bentuk neural tube defects yang paling umum dan merupakan kelainan kongenital paling serius kedua setelah kelainan jantung bawaan. Prevalensi Anensefali secara keseluruhan di dunia adalah 5,1 per sepuluh ribu kelahiran.
Laporan kasus : Pasien pertama usia 26 tahun datang tanpa keluhan saat di USG di trimester II didapatkan kelainan janin Anensefali dan dilakukan terminasi kehamilan dengan persalinan pervaginam. Pasien kedua usia 28 tahun datang tanpa keluhan saat di USG (ultrasonography) di trimester pertama didapatkan kelainan janin Anensefali dan dilakukan persalinan pervaginam.
Pembahasan : Anensefali adalah kelainan pada perkembangan janin yang ditandai dengan tidak adanya tulang tengkorak kepala disertai kekurangan sebagian besar atau seluruh jaringan otak janin. Faktor resiko utama adalah kurangnya konsumsi asam folat yang bisa terjadi akibat obat-obatan penghambat absorpsi folat, kebutuhan tubuh akan asam folat meningkat, dan kurangnya asupan makan. Deteksi dini perlu dilakukan USG, pemeriksaan AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), dan acetylcholinesterase pada trimester II. Pencegahan yang direkomendasikan adalah konsumsi asam folat dari persiapan kehamilan hingga saat kehamilan.
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