PERAN RHO KINASE INHIBITOR DALAM PENATALAKSANAAN GLAUKOMA: STUDI PUSTAKA KOMPREHENSIF MEKANISME, EFIKASI DAN EFEK SAMPING
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Glaukoma menduduki peringkat sebagai kontributor kedua untuk gangguan penglihatan, mempengaruhi populasi lebih dari 76 juta orang di seluruh dunia. Obat-obatan glaukoma saat ini berfungsi untuk mengurangi tekanan intraokular(TIO) dengan mengurangi produksi aqueous humor (AH) dari corpus ciliaris atau meningkatkan drainase AH melalui jalur konvensional atau uveoscleral-uveovortex. Obat Ocular hypotensive terbaru yaitu Rho Kinase Inhibitor (ROCK), berfungsi untuk mengurangi TIO dengan ROCK inhibitor. Mekanisme kerja ROCK inhibitor yaitu mengurangi TIO dengan merelaksasi langsung trabecular meshwork (TM) dan sel-sel canal schlemm, yang membuat permeabilitas saluran menjadi lebih besar. Permeabilitas yang ditingkatkan ini kemudian mengurangi ketahanan terhadap outflow AH. Selain itu, penggunaan ROCK inhibitor telah terbukti bermanfaat dalam pengobatan glaukoma, penyembuhan endotel kornea, dan retinopati diabetes progresif. Meskipun terdapat bukti yang menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan inhibitor Rho kinase terkait dapat menyebabkan hiperemia konjungtiva, sebelum ditemukan ROCK inhibitor belum ada satupun obat antiglaukoma yang dapat bekerja dengan target trabecular meshwork, sehingga ROCK inhibitor merupakan terapi yang sangat menjanjikan untuk para penderita glaukoma mengingat TM bertanggung jawab terhadap 75% aliran AH. Sehingga, penggunaan terapi baru ini dapat menjadi kunci dalam pengobatan pasien oftalmologi di seluruh dunia.
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