International Journal of Dental Research and Technology (IJDRT) is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and to taking all possible measures against publication malpractice. The journal adheres to international ethical guidelines, including principles set out by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All parties involved in the publication process (editors, reviewers, authors, and School of Dental Medicine Universitas Ciputra Surabaya) must agree to and comply with the following standards.

ETHICAL GUIDELINE FOR JOURNAL PUBLICATION

Publication in the International Journal of Dental Research and Technology (IJDRT) is an essential building block in the development of a coherent and respected network of knowledge in dentistry and oral health sciences. The integrity of academic work is imperative, and ethical behaviour is expected from all participants in the publishing process.

Publication Decisions

The Editor-in-Chief, in consultation with the editorial board, is responsible for deciding which submitted manuscripts should be published. Decisions are based solely on the manuscript’s scholarly merit, relevance to the journal’s scope, originality, clarity, and validity of the research. Legal requirements regarding libel, copyright infringement, and plagiarism are also taken into consideration.

Non-Discrimination

The journal is committed to evaluating manuscripts solely on academic merit. Editorial decisions shall not be influenced by the authors’ race, gender, sexual orientation, religious beliefs, nationality, disability status, academic affiliation, or political philosophy.

Confidentiality

The Editor-in-Chief, editorial staff, and any other members with authorised access must not disclose information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, or editorial advisers. Unpublished materials must not be used for personal research purposes without the explicit written consent of the author(s).

Disclosure and Conflict of Interest

Editors must not use unpublished information contained in submitted manuscripts for personal advantage. They must recuse themselves from handling manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with any author, company, or institution connected to the paper. Editors also play a role in identifying and managing potential conflicts of interest, handling allegations of misconduct, should any reports arise, and mediating appeals or disputes regarding peer review.

 

DUTIES OF REVIEWERS

Contribution to Editorial Decisions

Peer review assists editors in making informed editorial decisions and may also help authors improve their work. Reviewers serve as critical evaluators and are essential to maintaining the integrity and quality of the journal.

Promptness

Reviewers who feel unqualified to assess a manuscript or who know that timely review will be impossible should notify the editorial office immediately and withdraw from the review process, allowing the editors to contact alternative reviewers.

Confidentiality

All manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Reviewers must not share, discuss, or disclose any part of the manuscript with others unless authorised by the editor.

Standards of Objectivity

Reviews should be conducted objectively and professionally by maintaining unbiased, evidence-based, and constructive objectivity. Key pillars of this include “Evidence-Based Critiques” (backed by specific data, logical reasoning, and references), “Constructive Tone” (professional and respectful feedback that avoids hostile, dismissive, or derogatory language), and “Fairness to All Methods” (evaluate the work based on the goals authors set out to achieve regardless of reviewers’ preferred methodologies). Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate. Reviewers should express their views clearly with supporting arguments to assist authors in improving their manuscript.

Acknowledgement

Reviewers must identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any similarity or overlap between the manuscript under review and other published material should be reported to the editor.

Disclosure and Conflict of Interest

Reviewers must not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest arising from competitive, collaborative, or other close relationships with any of the authors, institutions, or organizations linked to the submission.

 

DUTIES OF AUTHORS

Reporting Standards

Authors must provide an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Data must be presented truthfully, without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation. Manuscripts should contain sufficient detail and references to permit replication by other researchers.

Data Access and Retention

Authors may be asked to provide the raw data underlying their study for editorial review and should be prepared to make such data publicly accessible if feasible. Authors must retain these data for a reasonable period (5 years) after publication.

Originality and Plagiarism

Authors must ensure that their work is entirely original. Where the work of others is used, it must be properly cited or quoted. Plagiarism in any form, including self-plagiarism, is unethical and unacceptable. The screening for similarity has a maximum threshold of 25%.  International Journal of Dental Research and Technology (IJDRT) requires authors to submit a statement regarding data integrity, affirming that the data presented in the manuscript is original, accurate, and has not been fabricated, falsified, or selectively reported. This statement is incorporated into a declaration form to be completed during the submission.

Multiple, Redundant, or Concurrent Publication

Authors must not submit the same manuscript simultaneously to more than one journal. Submitting previously published work or redundant manuscripts constitutes unethical publishing behaviour.

Acknowledgement of Sources

Proper acknowledgment of the work of others is required. Authors must cite publications that have been influential in shaping the reported research.

Authorship of the Paper

Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, acquisition, analysis, drafting the work, or reviewing it critically for important intellectual content, design, execution, interpretation of the study data or work, or final approval of the version to be published. All individuals who have contributed materially should be listed as co-authors. Others who have contributed in supporting roles should be acknowledged appropriately. International Journal of Dental Research and Technology (IJDRT) requires an approval form signed by all authors at submission; as well as any changes to the authors list may occur during the article processing, the confirmation form must be resubmitted to the editor. The authors should guarantee an accountable agreement regarding all aspects of the manuscript. Authors have a responsibility to resolve any questions or disagreements concerning authorship before manuscript submission.

Unacceptable Authorship (councilscienceeditor.org)
Guest authorship	Authorship based solely on the aim that the inclusion would increase the probability of the paper being published or enhance the perceived status of the publication
Honorary or Gift Authorship	Authorship based solely on a tenuous affiliation with the research. For example, authorship attributed to an individual with a head of department position at the institution where the research was conducted
Ghost Authorship	Authors who significantly participated in the research, data analysis, and manuscript writing but are not listed among the authors or in the acknowledgement section
Authorship for Sale	Non-authors who purchase authorship, often after the paper reached the revision step or has been provisionally accepted
Anonymous Authorship	Authors who inappropriately use pseudonyms
Most common of authorship disputes:	·         Individuals who claim they deserve to be included in the author list but were omitted from it ·         Individuals who have been included as authors without their permission ·         Individuals who agree to be an author but evade responsibility when problems arise (usually concerning the integrity of the paper content) ·         Confusion regarding multiple authorship

To justify authorship, all listed contributors must meet the core criteria for authorship. International Journal of Dental Research and Technology (IJDRT) uses the Contributor Roles Taxonomy (CRediT) to provide complete transparency regarding individual contributions. During the submission process, the corresponding author must select the specific roles for all co-authors from the 14 standardized categories:

Conceptualization	ideas; formulating or evolution of overarching research goals and aims
Data curation	management activities to annotate (produce metadata), scrub data, and maintain  research data (including software, where it necessary for interpreting the data itself) for initial use and later re-use
Formal analysis	application of statistical, mathematical, computational, or other formal technique to analyse or synthesize study data
Funding acquisition	acquisition of the financial support for the project leading to this publication
Investigation	conducting a research and investigation process, specifically performing the experiments, or data/evidence collection
Methodology	development or design fo methodology; creation of models
Project administration	management and coordination responsibility for the research activity planning and execution
Resources	provision of study materials, reagents, materials, patients, laboratory samples, animals, instrumentation, computing resources, or other analysis tools
Software	programming, software development; designing computer programs; implementation of the computer code and supporting algorithms; testing of existing code components
Supervision	oversight and leadership responsibility for the research activity or separate, of the overall replication, reproductibility of results/experiments and other research outputs
Validation	verification, wether as a part of the activity or separate, of the overall replication/reproductibility of results/experiments and other research outputs
Visualization	preparation, creation, and/or presentation of the published work, specifically visualization/data presentation
Writing-original draft	preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work, specifically writing the initial draft (including substantive translation)
Writing-review and editing	preparation, creation and/or presentation of the published work by those from the original research group, specifically pre- or post- publication stages
Authors must declare in an Author Contributions Form during the submission. Multiple roles can be assigned to a single author, and a single role can be shared by multiple authors

Hazards and Human or Animal Subjects

When research involves hazardous materials, human participants, or animals, authors must clearly identify this in the manuscript by providing an Institutional Review Board (IRB) registration number, the committee name, and approval date. Authors should indicate in their Method section that subject’s rights have been protected by a written informed consent granted for all human subjects. Authors must ensure that studies involving humans or animals comply fully with institutional, national, and international ethical guidelines and must provide evidence of approval from the appropriate ethics committee.

Disclosure and Conflict of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial or substantive conflicts of interest that may influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project must be disclosed.

Fundamental Errors in Published Works

If authors discover significant errors or inaccuracies in their published work, they must notify the journal immediately. Authors are responsible for cooperating with the editor to retract or correct the paper as necessary. Any unethical behaviour will be followed by a structured, objective, and legally sound process standardized by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

 

DUTIES OF PUBLISHER

The publisher acts as the operational, legal, and commercial manager of the publication. The publisher ensures the journal infrastructure, ethical integrity, and business compliance.

Key responsibilities of Publisher

Operational and Technical Infrastructure

• Submission Systems: providing and maintaining the software used to manage manuscripts and peer review.
• Metadata and Indexing: ensuring published research is discoverable by executing indexing agreements with databases.
• Archiving and Persistence: guaranteeing long-term digital preservation of the scientific record.

Safeguarding Ethical Compliance and Independence

• Editorial Autonomy: maintaining a strict barrier between commercial interests and scientific decisions (sponsorship or advertising from corporate sponsors never influences which article are accepted).
• Integrity Tools: furnishing editors with anti-plagiarism tracking software.
• Legal and Procedural Councel: providing the editorial board with structural legal support when addressing critical copyright violations, serious research misconduct, or retraction disputes.