Neurofeedback Sebagai Terapi Insomnia
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Pendahuluan: Insomnia sering dikaitkan dengan gairah fisiologis dan kognitif. Saat ini, ada dua jenis pengobatan utama pada insomnia, yakni terapi perilaku kognitif untuk insomnia (CBT-I) dan farmakoterapi. Kondisi insomnia ditandai dengan frekuensi gelombang otak cenderung lebih rendah pada pita alfa dan lebih tinggi pada pita beta dan theta. Melalui mekanisme mengurangi hyperarousal kortikal, studi ini bertujuan untuk menelaah efektivitas pelatihan neurofeedback dalam meringankan gejala insomnia.
Metode: Penulis melakukan penelusuran literatur secara online pada bulan November 2023 – Januari 2024. Penulis tidak membatasi kriteria pada jumlah, frekuensi, atau lamanya sesi neurofeedback.
Hasil dan Diskusi: Neurofeedback melalui gelombang sensory motor rhythm (SMR) menyebabkan peningkatan kepadatan spindel tidur, penurunan latensi tidur, dan peningkatan total waktu tidur. Pada penelitian yang melaporkan penurunan keluhan tidur subjektif, memberikan hasil adanya penurunan skor Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) dan skor Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) setelah menjalani terapi neurofeedback.
Kesimpulan: Neurofeedback dapat digunakan sebagai terapi untuk insomnia bersamaan dengan metode pengobatan lainnya, untuk mengurangi ketergantungan farmakoterapi.
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